As dawn broke over Myanmar on March 28, the earth violently shook, forever altering the landscape and lives of thousands. The 7.7 magnitude earthquake that struck at 12:50 local time (06:20 GMT) near Sagaing has left a trail of destruction across multiple regions, with effects felt as far away as Thailand and southwest China.
The powerful tremor, followed by a 6.4 magnitude aftershock just 12 minutes later, has claimed 3,649 lives in Myanmar alone, with officials expecting this number to rise significantly as rescue operations continue. According to Myanmar's military government, over 5,000 people have been injured and at least 145 remain missing. The US Geological Survey's modeling paints an even grimmer picture, estimating the final death toll could exceed 10,000.
The earthquake's shallow depth of just 6 miles amplified its destructive power, collapsing roads, damaging bridges and flattening countless buildings. Six regions have been declared under a state of emergency: Sagaing, Mandalay, Magway, Bago, Shan and Nay Pyi Taw. Mandalay, one of Myanmar's largest cities, has reported the highest number of casualties so far.
The devastation extended beyond Myanmar's borders, with 21 confirmed deaths in Thailand. In Bangkok, over 1,000km away from the epicenter, the earthquake toppled an unfinished high-rise building, killing 14 people with dozens still missing.
The earthquake occurred along the Sagaing fault, marking the boundary between the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. Dr. Roger Musson, honorary research fellow at the British Geological Survey, noted that the last similar event in the region was in 1956, meaning many buildings weren't designed to withstand such powerful seismic forces.
"The quake happened on the Sagaing fault, which marks the tectonic plate boundary between the Indian plate to the west and the Eurasian plate to the east. The Indian plate is moving north along the fault compared to the Eurasian plate," Bill McGuire, emeritus professor of geophysical and climate hazards at University College London, said in an interview with The Guardian.
Aftershocks continue to plague the region, including a magnitude-5.1 tremor near Mandalay on March 30, described by locals as the strongest since the initial earthquake. These aftershocks have complicated rescue efforts and further traumatized survivors, many of whom are now sleeping outdoors in the sweltering pre-monsoon heat, too afraid to return to damaged structures.
Myanmar's complex political situation has significantly complicated relief efforts. Since the military coup in 2021, the country has been entangled in civil war, with the earthquake's epicenter in Sagaing being largely controlled by pro-democracy resistance groups while the autocratic military government, known as a junta, maintains control of urban areas.
In a rare move, the military government called for international assistance following the disaster and declared a temporary cease-fire. The National Unity Government, representing the ousted civilian administration, also announced that its armed wing would pause "offensive military operations" for two weeks in affected areas.
However, less than two weeks after the disaster, aid groups and volunteers report that international relief is not reaching victims as quickly as needed. Many blame the junta for imposing restrictions on aid distribution, while others point to a climate of fear, with reports of the military resuming airstrikes on rebel areas despite the cease-fire. In at least one instance, aid workers reportedly came under fire.
The military's insistence that all assistance be coordinated through its channels has made aid organizations hesitant, given the junta's history with disaster response. Following Cyclone Nargis in 2008, which killed more than 130,000 people, the previous military regime blocked emergency aid and infamously told aid groups that survivors didn't need their "chocolate bars" and could instead survive on "frogs and fish from ditches."
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk has urged "a halt to all military operations" and called for "ensuring unhindered access to humanitarian organizations" to assist earthquake victims.
Assessing the full extent of the damage remains difficult due to Myanmar's restricted communication infrastructure. Mobile lines in affected areas have been inconsistent, with many areas lacking electricity even before the disaster. Internet use is heavily restricted, and the state controls almost all local media.
Despite these challenges, some international aid has begun to arrive, primarily from neighboring countries including China, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Russia.
As rescue workers continued recovering bodies from collapsed buildings in Mandalay over the weekend, the full scale of this catastrophe is still unfolding. For now, the people of Myanmar call this disaster simply "earth's anger" — a powerful force that has once again tested their endurance and resolve.
Photo courtesy of Random Institute on Unsplash